The file extension NEF stands for “Nikon Electronic Format”. The NEF extension is a proprietary RAW file format used by Nikon to download information unprocessed digital information from a Nikon branded digital single lens reflex (DSLR) camera. The NEF file format is one of several raw image file (RAW) formats that handle unprocessed digital data and therefore play the same role as the film negative of a 35mm SLR camera, giving rise to the term “digital negative”.
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The NEF file functions as a RAW format file, but due to the fact that it is a proprietary format, it cannot be used with any other camera made by any other brand. In fact, other brands have their own proprietary RAW format files which serve the same purpose, but often have custom features and other information that is exclusive to that particular brand. The most commonly known include Canon's CR2 and CRW files, Fuji's RAF files and ARW, SRF and SR2 files used by Sony. These RAW format files are often seen on the higher end and professional cameras made by these companies. These files are also based on the TIFF format, but they stray from the format with the addition of exclusive content.
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More Info Regarding File Extension Nef
The popularity of the RAW format file and the subformats that fall under it stem from its “digital negative” function. These files contain information that has yet to be processed and therefore cannot be used with bitmap graphics editors or printed out. Photographers prefer to store their images in uncompressed RAW form due to the fact that RAW faithfully represents all of the information as “seen” by the camera's digital sensor. Such information, along with any metadata documenting the conditions under which the image was recorded, can be easily preserved and most importantly, reproduced without any risk of degradation in image quality. This makes storage of uncompressed RAW files more attractive than other formats such as TIFF or JPEG, which compress the image information for the benefit of size reduction and risk losing large amounts of image quality over time.
Uncompressed RAW format files can be twice the size (or more) of an average JPEG file, making the storage of multiple RAW files an issue, especially if a user is suffering constraints on storage space. Also, it takes longer for a digital camera to write RAW image files to a memory card, affecting how fast the camera can take pictures in quick succession. The benefits to the size of RAW format files, however, are many. RAW format files often come in an uncompressed form, or use lossless data compression to reduce file size without a reduction in image quality, avoiding the problem of artifacts and other losses of information when storing a file in JPEG format. RAW files retain the maximum amount of image detail in this manner. Other benefits include a greater level of control during the processing of the image, including the modification of image parameters such as white balance, exposure, hue and saturation. RAW data can also be manipulated (via image corrections or artistic additions) without posterization or other apparent flaws.
The RAW file formats can be processed into TIFF and JPEG files for viewing, since the RAW format files themselves cannot be directly viewed unless the user has access to a program or a codec that is capable of either opening RAW files or can support RAW files within that program. Adobe Photoshop from versions CS2 to CS4, as well as Adobe Lightroom offer support for a vast array of RAW file formats, including the NEF format. There are also other programs available for processing RAW files, as well as limited programs which can read and display RAW format files, such as Google's Picasa. The lack of a single standard RAW format makes it necessary for the use of different software for different RAW subformats. There have been proposals for a single RAW format standard, but such proposals have not been forthcoming, as camera companies have preferred to continue using their own proprietary formats. However, companies such as Leica, Samsung and Pentax are now supporting Adobe's Digital Negative File format (DNG), with Pentax and Leica offering native support.
